A doctype (short for 'document type declaration') informs the validator which version of (X)HTML you're using and must appear at the very top of every web page. Doctypes are a key component of compliant web pages, your markup and CSS won't validate without them.
If I need to validate my blog template, I will go to:
http://www.alistapart.com/articles/doctype/
http://www.w3.org/QA/2002/04/valid-dtd-list.html
http://css.maxdesign.com.au/listamatic/about-boxmodel.htm
http://gutfeldt.ch/matthias/articles/doctypeswitch.html
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